The second tool for PBMs operates downstream. By encouraging patients to use more efficient, lower-cost pharmacies, PBMs have reduced dispensing costs, enhanced patient quality, and reinforced their negotiating leverage upstream. The ability to direct volume toward lower-cost, high-value providers creates bargaining power.
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旗帜鲜明讲政治,着力夯实团结奋斗的共同思想政治基础
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